Medical scientists typically do the following: Design and conduct studies that investigate both human diseases and methods to prevent and treat them...... Prepare and analyze medical samples and data to investigate causes and treatment of toxicity, pathogens, or chronic diseases. ... Create and test medical devices.
You may call them simply doctors. But most doctors have extra expertise in one type of medicine or another. In fact, there are several hundred medical specialties and subspecialties. Here are the most common types of doctors you'll likely see.